WHEAT-SRW - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-001602
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 5,000 BUSHELS) OPEN INTEREST: 506,509
COMMITMENTS
83,606 172,221 153,863 223,421 139,680 460,890 465,764 45,619 40,744
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 522)
2,078 2,555 -2,062 870 125 886 618 -363 -95
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
16.5 34.0 30.4 44.1 27.6 91.0 92.0 9.0 8.0
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 421)
123 145 142 122 108 332 322
WHEAT-HRW - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-001612
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 5,000 BUSHELS) OPEN INTEREST: 243,093
COMMITMENTS
66,046 88,663 44,702 111,201 84,940 221,949 218,305 21,145 24,789
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 2,958)
2,077 1,172 866 -165 1,583 2,778 3,620 180 -663
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
27.2 36.5 18.4 45.7 34.9 91.3 89.8 8.7 10.2
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 250)
71 69 64 95 77 191 190
CORN - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-002602
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 5,000 BUSHELS) OPEN INTEREST: 1,866,861
COMMITMENTS
415,608 168,511 502,249 758,738 941,514 1676594 1612273 190,267 254,588
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 26,803)
33,316 -36,836 34,093 -40,961 15,754 26,448 13,011 355 13,792
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
22.3 9.0 26.9 40.6 50.4 89.8 86.4 10.2 13.6
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 800)
237 147 247 301 351 665 638
OATS - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-004603
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 5,000 BUSHELS) OPEN INTEREST: 11,962
COMMITMENTS
2,307 3,741 1,704 3,947 3,937 7,958 9,382 4,004 2,580
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 324)
-45 12 239 33 25 227 275 97 48
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
19.3 31.3 14.2 33.0 32.9 66.5 78.4 33.5 21.6
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 45)
10 16 7 13 12 27 32
SOYBEANS - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-005602
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 5,000 BUSHELS) OPEN INTEREST: 1,216,683
COMMITMENTS
312,937 64,262 382,690 452,996 641,765 1148623 1088717 68,060 127,966
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 30,942)
8,206 358 15,920 10,018 17,751 34,143 34,029 -3,202 -3,088
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
25.7 5.3 31.5 37.2 52.7 94.4 89.5 5.6 10.5
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 730)
245 178 252 209 262 577 588
MINI SOYBEANS - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-005603
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Contracts of 1,000 Bushels) OPEN INTEREST: 31,851
COMMITMENTS
10,716 3,053 23 76 8,052 10,815 11,128 21,036 20,723
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 402)
982 -123 0 -16 240 966 117 -564 285
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
33.6 9.6 0.1 0.2 25.3 34.0 34.9 66.0 65.1
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 35)
4 10 3 4 21 8 34
SOYBEAN OIL - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-007601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 60,000 POUNDS) OPEN INTEREST: 467,378
COMMITMENTS
107,963 65,698 120,880 199,076 253,818 427,918 440,395 39,460 26,983
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 9,900)
316 9,493 3,655 4,067 -3,437 8,037 9,711 1,863 189
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
23.1 14.1 25.9 42.6 54.3 91.6 94.2 8.4 5.8
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 318)
91 81 112 93 84 257 232
U.S. TREASURY BONDS - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-020601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $100,000 FACE VALUE) OPEN INTEREST: 637,732
COMMITMENTS
135,623 73,150 51,199 281,281 365,949 468,102 490,298 169,629 147,433
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 29,150)
9,844 17,174 7,702 19,562 20,181 37,109 45,056 -7,959 -15,907
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
21.3 11.5 8.0 44.1 57.4 73.4 76.9 26.6 23.1
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 137)
33 27 31 61 65 108 109
LONG-TERM U.S. TREASURY BONDS - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-020604
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $100,000 FACE VALUE) OPEN INTEREST: 616,209
COMMITMENTS
53,583 144,778 15,478 407,540 381,286 476,602 541,543 139,607 74,666
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -17,163)
3,572 3,941 7,218 -19,615 -20,860 -8,825 -9,701 -8,338 -7,462
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
8.7 23.5 2.5 66.1 61.9 77.3 87.9 22.7 12.1
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 93)
13 15 10 53 49 73 67
CBT ETHANOL - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-025601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 29,000 U.S. GALLONS) OPEN INTEREST: 5,333
COMMITMENTS
2,132 1,016 531 2,344 3,637 5,007 5,184 326 149
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 107)
196 25 -65 119 176 250 136 -143 -29
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
40.0 19.1 10.0 44.0 68.2 93.9 97.2 6.1 2.8
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 36)
13 6 4 10 14 26 21
SOYBEAN MEAL - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-026603
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 100 TONS) OPEN INTEREST: 478,491
COMMITMENTS
115,952 28,752 112,000 192,496 305,977 420,449 446,729 58,042 31,762
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 15,376)
5,636 1,972 3,299 3,636 9,361 12,571 14,632 2,805 744
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
24.2 6.0 23.4 40.2 63.9 87.9 93.4 12.1 6.6
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 302)
112 58 89 97 103 256 210
ROUGH RICE - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-039601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF 200,000 POUNDS) OPEN INTEREST: 10,880
COMMITMENTS
1,868 1,383 1,067 5,329 6,844 8,264 9,294 2,616 1,586
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -9)
8 241 109 201 -468 318 -118 -327 109
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
17.2 12.7 9.8 49.0 62.9 76.0 85.4 24.0 14.6
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 58)
19 13 9 22 17 45 36
2-YEAR U.S. TREASURY NOTES - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-042601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $200,000 FACE VALUE) OPEN INTEREST: 1,028,577
COMMITMENTS
107,846 301,368 53,633 741,165 530,533 902,644 885,534 125,933 143,043
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -170,123)
-27,080 17,645 -23,161 -118,540 -134,391 -168,780 -139,907 -1,343 -30,217
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
10.5 29.3 5.2 72.1 51.6 87.8 86.1 12.2 13.9
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 235)
38 69 40 84 105 145 191
10-YEAR U.S. TREASURY NOTES - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-043602
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $100,000 FACE VALUE) OPEN INTEREST: 3,008,182
COMMITMENTS
381,141 541,071 294,451 1979203 1743561 2654796 2579083 353,386 429,099
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -165,767)
-64,907 1,548 5,926 -59,188 -92,779 -118,168 -85,305 -47,599 -80,462
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
12.7 18.0 9.8 65.8 58.0 88.3 85.7 11.7 14.3
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 349)
67 87 93 157 167 281 290
ULTRA 10-YEAR U.S. T-NOTES - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-043607
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $100,000 FACE VALUE) OPEN INTEREST: 159,231
COMMITMENTS
14,383 14,091 258 93,398 73,516 108,039 87,865 51,191 71,365
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 8,337)
-2,911 -4,746 -20 11,738 13,205 8,808 8,439 -471 -102
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
9.0 8.8 0.2 58.7 46.2 67.9 55.2 32.1 44.8
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 29)
2 4 1 16 16 18 21
5-YEAR U.S. TREASURY NOTES - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-044601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $100,000 FACE VALUE) OPEN INTEREST: 2,740,063
COMMITMENTS
279,081 450,747 213,108 1984049 1713538 2476237 2377392 263,825 362,671
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -173,670)
-12,268 48,531 1,365 -39,052 -89,991 -49,955 -40,095 -123,714 -133,575
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
10.2 16.5 7.8 72.4 62.5 90.4 86.8 9.6 13.2
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 279)
52 61 58 112 144 194 233
30-DAY FEDERAL FUNDS - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-045601
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CONTRACTS OF $5,000,000) OPEN INTEREST: 1,013,091
COMMITMENTS
40,167 164,093 226,997 724,032 569,561 991,196 960,651 21,895 52,441
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 52,168)
20,058 14,811 909 36,055 35,735 57,022 51,455 -4,854 713
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
4.0 16.2 22.4 71.5 56.2 97.8 94.8 2.2 5.2
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 132)
15 48 41 53 66 96 129
DJIA Consolidated - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-12460+
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
($10 X DJIA INDEX) OPEN INTEREST: 62,756
COMMITMENTS
27,512 13,941 1,138 26,289 37,980 54,939 53,059 7,817 9,697
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 2,419)
219 515 -245 2,433 2,406 2,407 2,676 12 -258
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
43.8 22.2 1.8 41.9 60.5 87.5 84.5 12.5 15.5
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 113)
35 28 6 35 26 72 58
DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVG- x $5 - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-124603
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
($5 X DJIA INDEX) OPEN INTEREST: 125,511
COMMITMENTS
55,024 27,882 2,276 52,578 75,959 109,878 106,118 15,633 19,394
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 4,837)
438 1,030 -490 4,866 4,813 4,813 5,353 24 -516
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
43.8 22.2 1.8 41.9 60.5 87.5 84.5 12.5 15.5
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 113)
35 28 6 35 26 72 58
DOW JONES UBS EXCESS RETURN - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-221602
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
($100 X INDEX) OPEN INTEREST: 21,255
COMMITMENTS
18,927 19,683 918 1,243 645 21,088 21,246 167 9
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: 1,743)
2,078 1,750 -7 0 0 2,071 1,743 -328 0
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
89.0 92.6 4.3 5.8 3.0 99.2 100.0 0.8 0.0
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 32)
20 10 3 2 1 23 13
10 YEAR DELIVERABLE IR SWAP - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-246605
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NOTIONAL VALUE OF $100,000) OPEN INTEREST: 28,250
COMMITMENTS
21,020 10,492 72 6,970 17,591 28,062 28,155 188 95
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -71)
106 -580 -113 -62 598 -69 -95 -2 24
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
74.4 37.1 0.3 24.7 62.3 99.3 99.7 0.7 0.3
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 45)
9 12 1 6 21 15 34
5 YEAR DELIVERABLE IR SWAP - CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Code-246606
OPTION AND FUTURES COMBINED POSITIONS AS OF 05/31/16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------| NONREPORTABLE
NON-COMMERCIAL | COMMERCIAL | TOTAL | POSITIONS
--------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------
Long | Short |Spreads | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NOTIONAL VALUE OF $100,000) OPEN INTEREST: 30,830
COMMITMENTS
25,059 11,674 549 5,139 18,455 30,747 30,678 83 152
CHANGES FROM 05/24/16 (CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST: -687)
1,136 -702 545 -2,401 -533 -720 -690 33 3
PERCENT OF OPEN INTEREST FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TRADER
81.3 37.9 1.8 16.7 59.9 99.7 99.5 0.3 0.5
NUMBER OF TRADERS IN EACH CATEGORY (TOTAL TRADERS: 34)
7 12 2 4 12 12 25
Updated June 3, 2016